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History of Rome (Mommsen)
The ''History of Rome'' ((ドイツ語:Römische Geschichte)) is a multi-volume history of ancient Rome written by Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903). Originally published by Reimer & Hirsel, Leipzig, as three volumes during 1854-1856, the work dealt with the Roman Republic. A subsequent book was issued which concerned the provinces of the Roman Empire. Recently published was a further book on the Empire, reconstructed from lecture notes. The initial three volumes won widespread acclaim upon publication; indeed, "The ''Roman History'' made Mommsen famous in a day."〔G. P. Gooch, ''History and Historians in the Nineteenth Century'' (London: Longmans, Green 1913, 4th impr. 1928) at 456.〕 Still read and qualifiedly cited, it is the prolific Mommsen's most well-known work. The work was specifically cited when Mommsen was awarded the Nobel Prize.〔"Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature: Awarded for a particular literary work:" While the Nobel Prize in Literature is for a writer's life work, there are nine Literature Laureates for whom the Swedish Academy singled out a specific work for particular recognition. "Theodor Mommsen in 1902: 'the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A history of Rome'" http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/shortfacts.html.〕
==Genesis==
Writing the ''History'' followed Mommsen's earlier achievements in the study of ancient Rome. He had not himself designed to write a history, but the opportunity presented itself in 1850 while at the University of Leipzig where Mommsen was a thirty-two-year-old special Professor of Law. "Invited to give a public lecture while at Leipzig, I delivered an address on the Gracchi. Reimer and Hirzel, the publishers, were present, and two days later they asked me to write a Roman History for their series."〔G. P. Gooch, ''History and Historians in the Nineteenth Century'' (1913, 1928) at 456, quoting Mommsen's letter to the novelist Freytag.〕 Having been dismissed from the University for revolutionary activities, Mommsen would accept the publishing proposal "partly for my livelihood, and partly because the work greatly appeals to me."〔Cf., Alexander Demandt, "Introduction" at 1-35, 1, in Mommsen, ''A History of Rome under the Emperors'' (London: Routledge 1996).〕
The publishers specified that the work focus on events and circumstances, and avoid discussing the scholarly process. While they certainly wanted a well-respected academic work to fit their acclaimed series on history, Karl Reimer and Solomon Hirzel were also seeking one with literary merit that would be accessible and appeal to the educated public. As a scholar Mommsen was an active party in recent advances made in ancient Roman studies. Yet Mommsen also had some experience as a journalist. He might well manage to become a popular academic author.〔Sauders and Collins, "Introduction" at 1-17, 5-6, to their edition of Mommsen, ''History of Rome'' (New Haven: Meridian Books 1958).〕 "It is high time for such a work", Mommsen wrote to an associate in Roman studies, "it is more than ever necessary to present to a wider audience the results of our researches."〔Gooch, ''History and Historians in the Nineteenth Century'' (1913, 1928) at 456, quoting Mommsen's correspondence to Henzen.〕〔On a different note, Mommsen would marry Marie Reimer, the daughter of his Leipzig publisher; together they had sixteen children. T. Wiedemann, "Mommsen, Rome, and the German ''Kaiserreich" 36-47, at 44, in Mommsen, ''A History of Rome under the Emperors'' (1992; 1996).〕
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